BISPHÉNOL
Par Virginie le Lundi 6 décembre 2010, - Bon à savoir - Lien permanent
http://www.parismatch.com/ Le bisphénol A, substance chimique controversée présente dans certains emballages alimentaires, vient d’être interdit à l’échelle européenne dans la fabrication des biberons de nos bébés. Diverses études mettent en effet en garde contre les risques qu’il comporte: il aurait un rôle de perturbateur hormonal qui provoquerait notamment des troubles de la fertilité et du développement, et favoriserait certaines maladies cardiaques, diabètes voire des cancers. Marie Desnos - Parismatch.com Les anti-bisphénol A ont gagné une nouvelle manche jeudi. Les experts des pays de l'Union européenne chargés du sujet et qui se sont réunis jeudi après-midi «sont parvenus à (un accord à) la majorité qualifiée sur une proposition de la Commission européenne» pour interdire le bisphénol A dans les biberons, annonce un communiqué. La production de ces biberons sera interdite à partir du 1er mars 2011, puis leur commercialisation et leur importation à partir du 1er juin. Selon le commissaire européen chargé de la Santé et de la Consommation, John Dalli, les pays membres ont décidé de suspendre la fabrication, l'importation, l'exportation et la mise sur le marché de biberons produits à base de bisphénol A au nom du principe de précaution. «Il existe des zones d'incertitude, découlant de nouvelles études, montrant que le bisphénol A peut avoir un effet sur la croissance, la réponse immunitaire ou le développement de tumeurs», a-t-il ainsi déclaré. La guerre au bisphénol, cette molécule constitutive de nombreux récipients alimentaires en plastique ou même de certains revêtements intérieurs de boîtes de conserve ou canettes, ne date pas d’hier. Le Canada a ainsi été le premier pays en en mars dernier à bannir ce produit des biberons, puis à le classer en octobre parmi les substances toxiques, malgré l'opposition de l'industrie chimique qui nie ses méfaits sur l’organisme. Le Parlement français a également décidé en juin de suspendre la commercialisation de biberons comportant ce composé chimique, tout comme l’Australie, certains états des Etats-Unis et le Danemark, où cette interdiction a été étendue à tous les produits utilisés pour l'alimentation des enfants de 0 à 3 ans. En cause : les risques qu’il peut comporter pour la santé, selon plusieurs études récentes. Comme le définit l’Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments (EFSA), le bisphénol A (BPA) est un produit chimique principalement utilisé en association à d’autres substances chimiques pour la fabrication de plastiques de type polycarbonate et de résines de revêtements. Le polycarbonate est utilisé pour fabriquer des récipients alimentaires tels que des bouteilles recyclables, des biberons, de la vaisselle (assiettes et tasses) ainsi que des conteneurs de stockage. Le BPA peut s’échapper en petites quantités dans les aliments et les boissons stockées dans des matériaux qui contiennent cette substance, notamment quand ils sont chauffés –c’est pourquoi l’Afssa (Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments) avait commencé par conseiller aux parents de ne pas trop chauffer les biberons en cas de doute. Cette molécule est de fait couramment retrouvée dans l’organisme d’une large majorité de la population (dans les urines, le sang et le liquide amniotique notamment). Selon une étude de l'Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA) publiée en octobre, le BPA pourrait être impliqué dans divers problèmes de santé, notamment certains cancers, le diabète, les troubles de la fertilité ou neurocomportementaux. Explication. Comme il l’avait déjà expliqué en décembre 2009, le bisphénol A est un «leurre hormonal, capable de mimer l’effet des œstrogènes, les hormones sexuelles féminines» -d’où d’éventuels problèmes de fertilité- «qui, au-delà de leur rôle dans la fonction de reproduction, sont essentielles au développement d’organes comme le cerveau ou le système cardio-vasculaire» -d’où d’éventuels troubles neurologiques. En outre, cette même étude s’était intéressée, pour la première fois, aux effets de ce composé chimique organique de synthèse sur l’intestin, et conclut qu’il «diminuait la perméabilité de l’épithélium intestinal, une voie d’échanges permettant la circulation d’eau et de sel minéraux (ou ions) nécessaire à l’équilibre de notre organisme.» Les chercheurs ont également observé que le BPA avait un impact sur la réponse inflammatoire dans le côlon et rendait l’intestin plus sensible à la douleur. Enfin, ils ont mis en exergue le fait que l’exposition pré- et post-natale (du bébé dans le ventre de la mère, puis du nourrisson) au BPA pourrait «freiner le développement des défenses immunitaires intestinales, altérant ainsi leur capacité à reconnaître plus tard des substances potentiellement nocives pour l’organisme». Jusque là, l’Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments (EFSA) et l’AFSSA avaient défini une dose journalière acceptable («DJA») de 0,05 milligramme/kg de poids corporel, estimant que l’organisme humain métabolisait et éliminait rapidement la substance ingérée même en plus forte dose, mais ces nouvelles inquiétudes, et les rapports qui se multiplient ces derniers temps pourraient bien changer la donne dans une plus large mesure. D’autres études estiment en outre que ce contaminant alimentaire, fragilisant le système immunitaire, favoriserait certaines maladies cardiaques, diabètes voire des cancers (du sein surtout). C’est pourquoi le Réseau Environnement Santé (RES), qui salue la décision de la Commission européenne réclame néanmoins l'interdiction du composé chimique dans tous les contenants alimentaires. «Cette mesure doit à l'évidence être complétée, car personne ne comprendrait que l'on se préoccupe de protéger les nourrissons nourris via un biberon au BPA, mais pas ceux qui sont nourris au sein maternel alors que le lait maternel est tout autant contaminé», explique le RES dans un communiqué. UE: EXIT LE BISPHÉNOL A DANS NOS BIBERONS
DU BISPHÉNOL DANS NOS BOÎTES DECONSERVES ET CANETTES DE SODA…
VERS UNE INTERDICTION DANSTOUS LES CONTENANTS ALIMENTAIRES?
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